हिंदी
The incidence of cancer is increasing globally, with Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) being particularly prevalent in India. HNC is mainly of two types: about 90% are squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), while the rest are thyroid and salivary gland cancers, each requiring different treatment approaches.
SCC in the head and neck encompasses a wide area from just below the brain to the collarbone, including 13 to 14 distinct sub-sites susceptible to cancerous growths.
Approximately one-third of India’s population aged 15 and above is either predisposed to or actively uses tobacco in various forms. Over 50% of these individuals prefer smokeless tobacco products, while 30 to 40% opt for smoking tobacco. Any form of tobacco use significantly increases the risk of developing HNC. The risk is even higher for individuals who consume both tobacco and alcohol, as these habits dramatically increase susceptibility to these cancers.
Combating the rise in HNC cases requires addressing the intertwined issues of tobacco and alcohol use. By raising awareness, promoting healthier lifestyle choices, and improving access to quality healthcare, we can work towards reversing the upward trend of HNC cases and enhancing overall well-being.
Oral cancer is a major public health issue in India, ranking among the top three cancers. It accounts for 30% of all new cancer cases diagnosed annually and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Many patients are young, affecting the economic well-being of families and society.
People at high risk for these cancers are typically tobacco and alcohol users. In India, smokeless tobacco products like gutka, khaini, and pan masala are widely consumed, contributing to the high prevalence of oral cancer. Tobacco contains various chemicals known to cause cancer. Poor oral hygiene and infections, such as HPV, are other risk factors. Oral sub-mucous fibrosis, a premalignant condition from betel nut use, restricts mouth opening and increases the risk of developing oral cancer.
Common Symptoms of Oral Cancer
– Mouth sores that do not heal
– Bleeding from the mouth or throat
– Toothache or tooth loss
– Ear pain
– Persistent sore throat
– Difficulty swallowing
– Neck lumps
Anyone experiencing these persistent symptoms should consult a doctor for a thorough evaluation.
Prevention and Awareness
Head and neck cancers are largely preventable since they are related to lifestyle habits. Increasing awareness about the harmful effects of tobacco and alcohol is crucial. Although there are government anti-tobacco policies, stricter implementation is needed. It is especially important to educate children and young adults to avoid tobacco in any form. Those already addicted should be encouraged to quit to reduce their future cancer risk.
