हिंदी
Minerals and vitamins play important roles in the body and are necessary for healthy cell development, growth, and function. While we acquire our vitamins from food every day, your doctor may advise supplementing in times of nutritional deficiency. Vitamin toxicity, also known as hypervitaminosis, can result from taking too many vitamins, even if they can help us avoid several chronic problems later in life. It happens when vitamin storage levels are abnormally high, which can cause toxic symptoms and have a negative impact on health. Due to the inability of fat-soluble vitamins like vitamin A, D, E, or K to be eliminated by urine, hypervitaminosis is more frequently caused by their presence.
Different symptoms of an excess of vitamins in the body are experienced by individuals depending on the type of hypervitaminosis.
Who is more likely to get hypervitaminosis?
An obese individual or someone with considerable body fat is at risk. Children and seniors over 65 who receive prolonged vitamin D therapy as a result of bone-related issues are also at risk.
Hypervitaminosis signs and symptoms
The majority of symptoms are linked to vitamin A and D overdoses. Dr. Sehrawat discussed the signs of several forms of hypervitaminosis.
- Hypervitaminosis A symptoms: Diplopia, nausea, vomiting, headaches, muscle and joint pain, and liver malfunction can all be brought on by an overabundance of vitamin A.
- Hypervitaminosis D symptoms: Vitamin D toxicity results in hypercalcaemia, which affects the heart and causes symptoms like arrhythmia, palpitations, chest pain, and sudden cardiac arrest. It also affects the kidneys, causing symptoms like increased urination, nephrocalcinosis, and dysfunction of the renal tests, as well as mental changes like depression, headache, lethargy, and drowsiness.
- Hypervitaminosis E symptoms: Intoxication with vitamin E can affect vitamin K function, which may raise your risk of bleeding and lower your immunological response, making you more prone to infection.
- Hypervitaminosis K symptoms: Despite being rare, vitamin K poisoning can result in haemolytic anemia, jaundice, etc.
Treatment for vitamin overdose
According to the kind of hypervitaminosis, the patient is treated by reducing vitamin intake and increasing vitamin excretion through the urine. The goal of conservative management of hypervitaminosis A is to lower intracranial pressure using diuretics, particularly Acetazolamide. Treatment for vitamin D toxicity aims to lower calcium levels with intravenous fluid administration, loop diuretics, and calcium-lowering medications including calcitonin nasal spray and bisphosphonate. If vitamin E toxicity results in bleeding, it must be treated with vitamin K or FFP; otherwise, it can be controlled by reducing vitamin E consumption. Similar to how warfarin is used to treat vitamin K toxicity when it results in severe jaundice or bleeding.
